Nuclear Impact Analysis · United States

Is San Francisco safe from a nuclear strike?

We modelled the most plausible strategic targets around San Francisco and simulated blast, thermal, radiation and fallout effects against its 4,700,000 metro residents.

100/100
MINIMAL RISK

San Francisco city centre sits 40.1 km from San Francisco / Silicon Valley, the most plausible strategic target in the area (high targeting confidence). Modelled strike: 455 kt airburst.

Estimated survival chance at city centre: 99% · Estimated metro fatalities: 388.4K, injuries: 467.7K

Run the interactive simulation for San Francisco →

What a strike on San Francisco / Silicon Valley would mean

A 455 kt detonation produces a fireball 763 m across in radius. Reinforced concrete fails out to 2.6 km (20 psi). Most residential buildings collapse within 5.3 km (5 psi), and windows shatter dangerously out to 11.9 km (1 psi). Anyone in line of sight within 8.2 km suffers third-degree burns from the thermal pulse.

An airburst maximises blast damage but produces minimal local fallout, so for San Francisco the dominant risks are blast and thermal effects rather than radiation.

Most plausible targets near San Francisco

TargetTypeDistanceAssumed yieldConfidence
San Francisco / Silicon Valleycity40 km455 kthigh
Vandenberg SFBmilitary376 km300 kthigh
Diablo Canyon nuclear plantenergy317 km100 ktlow
Port of LA / Long Beachport586 km300 kthigh
One Wilshire, Los Angelescommunication559 km100 ktlow

Key blast radii (455 kt airburst)

EffectRadiusWhat happens
Fireball763 mComplete vaporisation
20 psi blast2.6 kmHardened structures destroyed, ~100% fatalities
5 psi blast5.3 kmMost buildings collapse, widespread fatalities
3rd-degree burns8.2 kmFull-thickness burns to exposed skin
500 rem radiation2.6 kmLethal dose without medical care
1 psi blast11.9 kmWindow breakage, light damage, glass injuries

How San Francisco can prepare

With a population density of 7,200 people/km², San Francisco's outcome would hinge on the first hour. The guidance is identical everywhere: get inside, stay inside, stay tuned. A basement or the core of a large concrete building cuts fallout exposure by a factor of 10 or more, and radiation decays fast — dose rates fall ~90% within the first 7 hours and ~99% within two days.

Check your exact address in San Francisco →
Model disclaimer: These are research-grade estimates from open scaling laws (Glasstone & Dolan, 1977), not predictions. Actual outcomes depend on burst height, weapon choice, weather, terrain and sheltering. In any real emergency follow official civil-defence guidance.

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