Nuclear Impact Analysis · Australia

Is Melbourne safe from a nuclear strike?

We modelled the most plausible strategic targets around Melbourne and simulated blast, thermal, radiation and fallout effects against its 5,100,000 metro residents.

100/100
MINIMAL RISK

Melbourne city centre sits 464.4 km from Canberra, the most plausible strategic target in the area (medium targeting confidence). Modelled strike: 150 kt airburst.

Estimated survival chance at city centre: 99% · Estimated metro fatalities: 11.1K, injuries: 13.3K

Run the interactive simulation for Melbourne →

What a strike on Canberra would mean

A 150 kt detonation produces a fireball 490 m across in radius. Reinforced concrete fails out to 1.8 km (20 psi). Most residential buildings collapse within 3.7 km (5 psi), and windows shatter dangerously out to 8.2 km (1 psi). Anyone in line of sight within 5.2 km suffers third-degree burns from the thermal pulse.

An airburst maximises blast damage but produces minimal local fallout, so for Melbourne the dominant risks are blast and thermal effects rather than radiation.

Most plausible targets near Melbourne

TargetTypeDistanceAssumed yieldConfidence
Canberragovernment464 km150 ktmedium
Sydney Kingsford Smithairport706 km100 ktlow
Nurrungar / Woomera, Australiamilitary1051 km150 kthigh
Pine Gap II (expanded)communication1888 km300 kthigh
Pine Gap, Australiacommunication1888 km150 kthigh

Key blast radii (150 kt airburst)

EffectRadiusWhat happens
Fireball490 mComplete vaporisation
20 psi blast1.8 kmHardened structures destroyed, ~100% fatalities
5 psi blast3.7 kmMost buildings collapse, widespread fatalities
3rd-degree burns5.2 kmFull-thickness burns to exposed skin
500 rem radiation2.1 kmLethal dose without medical care
1 psi blast8.2 kmWindow breakage, light damage, glass injuries

How Melbourne can prepare

With a population density of 1,700 people/km², Melbourne's outcome would hinge on the first hour. The guidance is identical everywhere: get inside, stay inside, stay tuned. A basement or the core of a large concrete building cuts fallout exposure by a factor of 10 or more, and radiation decays fast — dose rates fall ~90% within the first 7 hours and ~99% within two days.

Check your exact address in Melbourne →
Model disclaimer: These are research-grade estimates from open scaling laws (Glasstone & Dolan, 1977), not predictions. Actual outcomes depend on burst height, weapon choice, weather, terrain and sheltering. In any real emergency follow official civil-defence guidance.

Compare with other cities

LimaDetroitKansas CityAnchorageSheffieldBucharestMinskThessaloniki